These Fragstats and compositional metrics were chosen post hoc based on characteristics of habitat use of the species (
American tree sparrow Spizella arborea and white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys) included in our post hoc analyses (Norment 1993, King and Savidge 1995, Delisle and Savidge 1997, Hovick et al.
Because of the low abundance in the area of most bird species, we restricted our analyses to the more common passerines (savannah sparrow, Lapland longspur, common redpoll,
American tree sparrow) and the red-necked phalarope.
Manning (1949) did not report
American tree sparrows or white-crowned sparrows breeding as far north as this study, but more recent authors include all of the Ungava Peninsula in their breeding range maps (Naugler, 1993; Chilton et al., 1995; Gauthier and Aubry, 1996).
But the kinds of birds that are most often attracted to backyard birdfeeders everywhere are black-capped chickadees, tufted titmice, white-breasted nuthatches, American goldfinches, mourning doves, downy and hairy woodpeckers, blue jays, house finches, northern cardinals, slate-colored juncos and
American tree sparrows.
Control plots showed significantly higher densities of hoary redpolls (Carduelis hornemanni) and
American tree sparrows in 1996 and 1999 (F > 4.86, p < 0.05) and savannah sparrows in 1996, 1998, and 2000 (F > 5.83, p < 0.03).
American tree sparrows were the most abundant species [TABULAR DATA FOR TABLE 4 OMITTED] seen in Missouri and among the four most abundant species in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska.
Spizella arborea - finch common in winter in the northern U.S.